ساختار زمان گذشته ساده

ساختار زمان گذشته ساده :

براي ساخت اين زمان يا شکل گذشته فعل را مي نويسيم و يا فعل کمکي did را به همراه فعل اصلي.

در زير مثالهايي را که همراه با افعال باقاعده و نيز بدون قاعده مشاهده مي کنيد:

	V1 base	V2 past	V3 past participle
regular verb	work explode like	worked exploded liked	worked exploded liked	The past form for all regular verbs ends in -ed.
irregular verb	go see sing	went saw sang	gone seen sung	The past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart.
			You do not need the past participle form to make the simple past tense. It is shown here for completeness only.

ساختار جملات مثبت در گذشته ساده:

subject + main verb (base)

ساختار جملات منفي در گذشته ساده:

subject + auxiliary verb (did) + not + main verb (base)

ساختار جملات سؤالي در گذشته ساده:

auxiliary verb (did) + subject + main verb (base)

فعل کمکي did صرفهاي گوناگوني ندارد (is not conjugated) و براي همه اشخاص چه سوم شخص، چه اول شخص و… همگي به صورت did به کار مي رود.

به مثالهاي زير با افعال اصلي go و work توجه کنيد:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I			went	to school.
+	You			worked	very hard.
–	She	did	not	go	with me.
–	We	did	not	work	yesterday.
?	Did	you		go	to London?
?	Did	they		work	at home?

استثناء! يک استثناء براي فعل to be وجود دارد. ما فعل to be را بر خلاف فعل did که صرف نمي شد، صرف مي کنيم.(I was, you were, he |she |it was, we were). علاوه بر اين هنگامي که فعل to be را به کار مي بريم براي جملات منفي و سوالي از فعل کمکي did استفاده نمي کنيم، و تنها جاي فعل و فاعل را با هم عوض مي کنيم.

	subject	main verb
+	I, he/she/it	was		here.
+	You, we, they	were		in London.
–	I, he/she/it	was	not	there.
–	You, we, they	were	not	happy.
?	Was	I, he/she/it		right?
?	Were	you, we, they		late?